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======Google Summer of Code 2017: OpenPrinting projects======

[[:gsoc:google-summer-code-2017|Main GSoC Linux Foundation page: How to apply, deadlines, other workgroups, ...]]
=====Contact=====

**Important:** We protect the e-mail adresses of our mentors and mailing lists against spam bots. Please replace all occurences of " at " and " dot " by "@" and "." resp.

Mailing list: [[http://lists.linux-foundation.org/mailman/listinfo/printing-architecture|printing-architecture at lists dot linux-foundation dot org]]

IRC: #openprinting on Freenode

[[:openprinting:development|OpenPrinting developer resources]]

Code License: See project descriptions
=====Common Print Dialog for desktop applications and mobile devices (up to 3-4 students)=====

To make printing easy for the users of desktop systems and mobile devices he once needs a well-designed print dialog where he can easily find the right printer under the available printers, set general, printer-specific, and document-specific options, preview the printout, and send the job. But he also neds consistence between applications, printing should work the same way from every application, the print dialog should be the same all over the system.

For the dialog itself there is already a design of how the user interface could look like. It was done by the design team of Canonical (the company behind Ubuntu) and can be found [[https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Printing|on the Ubuntu Wiki]]. The dialog should support three ways of obtaining available printers: Most importantly it should list the local CUPS queues and get printer properties and options through CUPS. It also should be able to pick IPP network printers from the network via Bonjour/DNS-SD and query the printer's properties via IPP (mainly for mobile devices to use IPP Everywhere and AirPrint printers). The third way is to connect to the user's Google account to list the Google Cloud Print printers which the user has registered.

To allow for the print dialog being provided by the currently running desktop (Unity, GNOME, KDE, ...) or mobile environment while the different applications use different GUI toolkits (GTK, Qt, ...) the print dialog and the application should be implemented in different executables which communicate by D-Bus. An appropriate D-Bus interface got already [[:openprinting:cpdapi|designed earlier]]. Probably the design can already be used as it is, perhaps it needs some slight modifications.

The task for the student(s) is to implement the dialog with a major toolkit (GTK or Qt) or to add the D-Bus interface to call the Common Print Dialog to a major toolkit or an important application.

At OpenPrinting there has already been worked on a similar project earlier. See the resources  [[:openprinting:commonprintingdialog|here]].

This project will be divided under several students (GTK dialog, Qt dialog, D-Bus interfaces for applications/GUI toolkits, ...).

Mentors: Till Kamppeter, Project Leader OpenPrinting (till at linux dot com), Aveek Basu (basu dot aveek at gmail dot com), Ubuntu GUI developers TBD

Desired knowledge: C/C++ programming, GUI programming, GTK, Qt, D-Bus

=====Flattening non-static content (like filled forms) in PDF files for printing (1 student)=====

For printing a job usually applications generate PDF files and send them to the printing system ([[http://www.cups.org/|CUPS]]), where a post-processing filter (pdftopdf of [[:openprinting:cups-filters|cups-filters]]) does manipulations like N-up (N pages per sheet), scale page to fit sheet size, printing pages in reverse order, printing only even/odd, pages, selected pages, ... and the resulting PDF file is passed through further filters to turn it into a format which the printer understands.

This works very well with PDF files especially generated for printing. Generally, PDF files can have so-called synamic content, content which can easily get exchanged after creating the PDF file. Here are especially to mention PDF files containing a form which the user can fill in, like tax forms, registration forms, ... The user sometimes is supposed to send back the form by e-mail, which is no problem, but sometimes he has to print it, sign it, and return it as paper. Especially if it gets sent to the printer from a file manager or from the command line the PDF file with the filled form gets sent to the printing system and if the pdftopdf filter tries to do manipulations on it, the form content gets lost in the printout.

To avoid this, the pdftopdf filter needs to recognize that the input has dynamic content and before doing any manipulations this content needs to get flattened, meaning that it needs to get turned into static content, which will be the task of the student taking this project.

pdftopdf uses the [[http://qpdf.sourceforge.net/|QPDF library]] to manipulate PDF files without rendering them. To keep it simple and to improve the capabilities of the QPDF library, the best solution would be to implement this as a new feature of the QPDF library (and make pdftopdf only calling the appropriate function(s)).

See also the following bug reports which lead to this project: [[https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/qpdf/+bug/1564249|in Ubuntu]], [[https://bugs.linuxfoundation.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1315|in cups-filters]]

Mentors: Jay Berkenbilt (ejb at ql dot org), Tobias Hoffmann (smilingthax at googlemail dot com)

Desired knowledge: C/C++ programming

Code License: MIT, Artistic 2.0

=====Google Cloud Print: Desktop-integrated solution for registering local CUPS printers (1 student)=====

[[https://developers.google.com/cloud-print/docs/overview|Google Cloud Print]] is a service from Google which allows to print from anywhere with internet access to anywhere else with internet access, for example from a mobile phone to printer at home or in the office.

To do so, one needs a Google account and there one registers one's printers so that they can accept jobs sent into the print facility of this Google account.

On Linux there is already a way to share the local CUPS printers into Cloud Print: The Chrome/Chromium Browser. In its settings you can activate Google Cloud Print and the local queues get registered. The Browser even leaves a user daemon running when one closes it to continue keeping the printers available for Cloud Print.

The disadvantage of this is that the functionality is bound to a web browser, so it is awkward for people who use Firefox for example.

Do not suggest now to make the CUPS daemon (daemon which handles the print jobs) or cups-browsed (daemon which browses the network for printers and automatically creates local queues for them) registering the printers, as they are system-wide services and Google Cloud Print is based on the user's Google account, and so something which belongs to a single user.

What is needed is a user daemon which starts when logging in and stops when logging out, running with the rights of the user, connecting to the user's Google account registering the local CUPS printers the user is allowed to print on. It will need integration with the desktop for starting and stopping the daemon and for configuration in the desktop's settings utility.

Ideally it should work with the widespread Unity desktop but also GNOME support would be great.

[[https://developers.google.com/cloud-print/docs/devguide|Google documentation for printer registration]].

Mentors: Till Kamppeter, Project Leader OpenPrinting (till at linux dot com), Ubuntu/Unity/GNOME GUI developers TBD

Desired knowledge: C/C++ programming, GUI programming, GTK

=====Improve the pdftopvp filter to not need copying Poppler source code or unstable APIs and/or make it Ghostscript/MuPDF-based (up to 3 students)=====

The cups-filters project at OpenPrinting (included in all Linux distributions using CUPS 1.6.x or newer) provides the filters needed to convert the print job output of desktop applications (usually PDF) into the printer's native language or into the universal CUPS/PWG-Raster format as input for a separate printer driver. It also provides the pdftopdf filter to apply page management (N pages per sheet, selected pages, even/odd pages for manual duplex, mirror for iron-on sheets, ...) to the PDF data stream.

One of the filters is pdftoopvp which is the interface between PDF (the standard print job format under Linux) and the OpenPrinting Vector high-level printer driver interface standard. This standard is currently used by several Japanese-market laser printers which do not use PostScript as it is usual in Europe and the US.

This filter currently only supports Poppler as PDF renderer and the connection between the filter and Poppler is rather awkward, copying parts of Poppler's source code and using unstable APIs of Poppler which change with newer Poppler versions. This makes maintaining the filter difficult for the Linux distributions.

The task for the student is here to once improve the interface with Poppler if possible and also add support for Ghostscript (would improve color management a lot) and MuPDF (would improve integration with mobile and embedded devices). The tasks can be split up over up to 3 students (Poppler, Ghostscript, MuPDF).

Mentors: Till Kamppeter, Project Leader OpenPrinting (till at linux dot com), Koji Otani, BBR Inc. Japan (sho at bbr dot jp), Ghostscript developers TBD

Desired knowledge: C and/or C++ programming

Code License: MIT
=====Foomatic: Improving the PPD generation capabilities: Option conflicts and printer compatibility classes (1 student)=====

[[:openprinting:database:foomatic|Foomatic]] serves now well for more than 15 years for integrating Ghostscript-based printer drivers with the printing environment under Linux (usually CUPS). Based on an XML database of printers, drivers, and user-settable driver options PPD (Postscript Printer Description) files are generated and used together with the universal print filter foomatic-rip. This way the user has access to all the driver's (and printer's) capabilities and Ghostscript is correctly called by the printing system to execute the print job.

This worked principally very well. One can really control all options of the printer drivers and even more sophisticated techniques, like CUPS' custom options (arbitrary numbers and strings as parameters) are supported.

But there are still two problems which did not get addressed due to the lack of manpower for implementing them:

//Option setting conflicts//

Often option settings do not work together, like printing double-sided on transparencies. PPD files use the "*UIConstraints: ..." keyword to mark these conflicts so that in print dialogs and printer setup tools one cannot choose conflicting settings.

Foomatic has no functionality to define option setting conflicts and generate appropriate "*UIConstraints: ..." keywords in the PPD files.

//Printer compatibility classes//

The other problem is that it is rather awkward to assign drivers and options to printers if there are very many similar, compatible models. Often one has to mention each printer explicitly in the driver and option XML entries.

Instead of needing to add many compatible printers to the drivers and to the constraints of options one could introduce compatibility classes. A compatibility class contains absolutely compatible printers, which means printers which work with the same drivers, the same options, and the same choices for the options. Then one can put the class name into the list of supported printers of a driver and also into the constraints of the options and so one avoids needing to insert tenth of printers everywhere. Especially there are many HP inkjets which are absolutely compatible to each other (around ten classes instead of 100 printers) and there are many clones of HP LaserJet printers.

What is needed for solving both problems is an extension to XML database, to the SQL representation of the database (for accelerated database access), to the OpenPrinting web site, and to the PPD file generator.

Mentor: Till Kamppeter, Project Leader OpenPrinting (till at linux dot com)

Desired knowledge: Perl programming, PHP, MySQL

Code License: GPL
=====Foomatic: Generating CUPS PPD generator (/usr/share/cups/drv/*.drv files) from Foomatic data (1 student)=====

CUPS has two mechanisms for on-the-fly-PPD generation to avoid the wasting of disk space by thousands of uncompressed (or slightly compressed) PPD files. One is to put an executable file into the /usr/lib/cups/driver/ directory which lists and generates PPD files on request, the other is using *.drv files in /usr/share/cups/drv, which contain the data for the PPDs in a simpler and more compact format.

The former method is deprecated upstream and can be removed in a future release of CUPS, especially also because the executables can get slow in some cases.

The latter is not yet supported by Foomatic and letting Foomatic support it is subject of this project idea.

The student's task is to create a utility which generates *.drv files from the whole database and/or from selected, printers, manufacturers, drivers, groups, ..., depending on what the user requests.

Mentor: Till Kamppeter, Project Leader OpenPrinting (till at linux dot com)

Desired knowledge: Perl programming, perhaps also MySQL

Code License: GPL
=====Get the cairo color management code upstream (1 student)=====

Adrian Johnson did a lot of the work needed to make cairo color managed. Finishing this work and getting the code upstream would allow us to simplify a lot of applications that use cairo. See [[http://cgit.freedesktop.org/%7Eajohnson/cairo/log/?h=color-space|http://cgit.freedesktop.org/~ajohnson/cairo/log/?h=color-space]] for the branch. Adrian has also patched Inkscape to use the new features, and that needs cleaning up and pushing upstream [[http://cgit.freedesktop.org/%7Eajohnson/inkscape/log/?h=color-space|http://cgit.freedesktop.org/~ajohnson/inkscape/log/?h=color-space]] Also see [[http://lists.cairographics.org/archives/cairo/2012-July/023353.html|http://lists.cairographics.org/archives/cairo/2012-July/023353.html]] and [[https://mail.gnome.org/archives/gimp-developer-list/2012-August/msg00084.html|https://mail.gnome.org/archives/gimp-developer-list/2012-August/msg00084.html]] for more details.

Expectations: The cairo and inskcape code is pushed upstream with any required modifications. Ideally someone familiar with the cairo community would take this on, as Adrian found it hard to get the code approved upstream.

Skills: Understanding of basic color management, basic use of bzr and git, proficient in C.

Contact: Richard Hughes (hughsient at gmail dot com)
=====Add printer output backends to MuPDF (1-2 students)=====

MuPDF is a lightweight PDF renderer made by Artifex, the company behind Ghostscript. In contrary to Ghostscript, MuPDF is a pure PDF renderer. It does not contain a PostScript interpreter nor parts of it are written in PostScript. This makes it smaller, faster, and less resource-consuming, the ideal solution for mobile devices like tablets or smartphones.

On mobile devices printing will not be done with having tons of printer-model-specific drivers on the system. Once, they consume the limited mass storage space, and second, one uses the mobile device in several different local networks with different printers: At home, in the office, in a copy shop, ... and one wants to use the printers which are available there, without installing drivers and setting up queues.

Therefore we want to have a system which automatically detects network printers and makes them available for local apps. To do so we restrict ourselves to printers with known, common languages: IPP Everywhere (Upcoming standard, PWG Raster and optionally some others) and PostScript, PDF, PCL 5c/e/6/XL (legacy standards). So MuPDF has to generate raster output for these languages, meaning raster embedded in the specifics of the language, and to avoid exhausting printer resources raster in small bands and no high-level output, even if the printer language is high-level.

Artifex will also work on this, but to get additional man power we are also opening this project for students.

Note that you have to assign copyright on your code to Artifex, as otherwise the code cannot be integrated in MuPDF.

This project can be split to be worked on by more than one student.

Mentors: MuPDF developers TBD, Till Kamppeter, Project Leader OpenPrinting (till at linux dot com)

Desired knowledge: C and/or C++ programming

Code License: GPL
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